Democratic republic of congo is an enormous country, similar in size to western europe, and riddled with war. This case study on the link between coltan mining and armed conflict in drc. This report evaluates the links between coltan trade and violence in the east of the democratic republic of congo drc and examines the potential for recent legislation to. Democratic republic of congo is slowly recovering from a conflict known as africas first world war, which led to the loss of some five million lives between 1994 and 2003, but many eastern. Conflict minerals and the democratic republic of congo. Root causes of the deadly conflict in the democratic republic of the congo democratic republic of the congo is the very heart of the african continent. English assessment on democratic republic of the congo and 2 other countries about peacekeeping and peacebuilding, protection and human rights, idps and refugees. Presentation for the 2nd annual global convening of organizations and individuals dedicated to preventing and ending atrocities and deadly violence against civilians. Congo oubanguisangha basin cicos and the nile basin initiative nbi. Officially known as the democratic republic of the congo, the country has a 25mile 40km coastline on the atlantic ocean but is otherwise landlocked. Neither war nor peace in the democratic republic of congo drc. Democratic republic of the congo 2018 human rights report executive summary the democratic republic of the congo drc is a nominally centralized constitutional republic.
The role of multinational corporations in the democratic. Voters popularly elect the president and the lower house of parliament national assembly. This list includes nationwide and international wars, including. The democratic republic of congo drc is recognized as the second most ethnically diverse nation in the world. List of conflicts in the democratic republic of the congo. Ethnic conflict in the democratic republic of congo drc. What is the main cause of the conflict in the democratic republic of the congo. The history of conflict in the drc remains a driving factor of the current. This is a list of conflicts in democratic republic of the congo arranged chronologically from the early modern period to present day. Pdf forests in postconflict democratic republic of. Structural causes of conflict in democratic republic of. Democratic republic of congo 2018 conflict risk diagnostic.
The book, civil wars in the democratic republic of congo, 19602010 by emizet francois kisangani, is an analysis of the various civil wars in the congo. Relations congressional research service summary the united states and other donors have focused substantial resources on stabilizing the democratic republic of congo drc since the early 2000s, when africas world wara. Democratic republic of congo after years of military conflict, and despite the 2006 general elections, which brought democratic institutions to power, once again simmering ethnic conflicts have become time bombs in some provinces of the democratic republic of the congo drc. Conflicts in the democratic republic of congo united nations. Kinshasa, zaire the democratic republic of the congo drc is most notably known for the second congo war. Conflict minerals and the democratic republic of the congo. The democratic republic of the congo enough project. Democratic republic of the congo, country located in central africa. Conflict in the democratic republic of congo volume 80 issue 2 emily paddon. Postindependence, under president mobutu, entrenched corruption through the 1970s and 80s caused the country to splinter into city states, some with no formal justice system. Causes, impact and implications for the great lakes region executive summary the democratic republic of congo is recovering from conflicts, posting substantial improve ment in overall macroeconomic performance since the cessation of the war, on the back of robust copper and cobalt exports. Noninternational armed conflict the democratic republic of congo is engaged in several noninternational armed conflicts on its territory against a number of nonstate armed groups, most notably against the allied democratic forces adf and the maimai yakutumba in kivu, the.
Pdf this essay analyzes the role of insurgent groups in the antikabila civil war in the congo. Share the worlds resources stwr according to a number of reports, multinational corporations play an important role in continuing the conflicts that have led to mass atrocities in the dcr. Recruitment of m23 rebels to suppress protests in the democratic republic of congo, december 4, 2017. Central africa was a site of slave raiding for the red sea and indian ocean slave trade long before the arrival of europeans. Forests in post conflict democratic republic of congo. University of kinshasa, university of kisangani, university of lubumbashi and spiez laboratory switzerland. A country of paradoxes, it is a land rich in natural resources, but its people are among the poorest in the world.
Child labor in mines is one of the worst forms of child labor in the world. Drc government in the search for a solution to conflicts and in its efforts to put the. Noninternational armed conflicts in democratic republic of congo conflict type. In the eyes of the general public, tantalum and coltan, a tantalumbearing ore that is mined in the drc, became the most visible symbol of the link between the deadly conflict in the drc and the exploitation of mineral resources. Background information the democratic republic of congo drc is a party to the 1951 convention relating to the status of refugees and its 1967 protocol hereinafter jointly referred to as the 1951 convention.
What is the main cause of the conflict in the democratic. Civil wars in the democratic republic of congo, 19602010. The root causes of conflict in the democratic republic of congo. Natural resources conflict in the democratic republic of. Conflict profile democratic republic of congo 1996 2005 mobutu sese seko ruled congo, which he renamed zaire, and has now been renamed the democratic republic of congo drc for more than three decades, from 1965 to 1997. The impact of conflict in the democratic republic of congo. In the eastern provinces nord and sudkivu, province. Violence in the democratic republic of congo global. English news and press release on democratic republic of the congo about health, protection and human rights, idps and epidemic. The democratic republic of congo formerly zaire has a long history of conflict, but its recent crises can be traced to the aftermath of the 1994 rwandan genocide. The war claimed over five millions people lives and is sometimes called africas war due to the number of countries involved in the conflict, which include libya, angola, chad, namibia, rwanda, sudan and zimbabwe. However, the drc has not yet acceded to the 1954 convention relating to the. Dynamics of local conflict in the democratic republic of congo. Identification of arms sources found in the conflict in drc.
Learn about sources of continued violence in the democratic republic of congo and how the united nations, african union, and neighboring countries are struggling to curtail it. Net june 2011 introduction slavery in the democratic republic of the congo is nothing new. In response to a request from the government of the democratic republic of the congo drc, in 2009 the. Democratic republic of congo drc background in 1960, the drc gained independence from king leopold ii and belgium after nationalist uprisings in now called kinshasa.
Now centered in the east of the country, it involves a range of militant groups local militias, congolese and rwandan rebels, and the congolese army that use control over the countrys rich mineral. Effective management of its mining, oil, and forestry resources is key to its future economic progress. This document is also available in pdf format on the website. Conflict minerals and the democratic republic of congo bsr. Sadc interventions in the democratic republic of the congo. Conflict minerals child labor problem companies sourcing tin, tantalum, and tungsten from the democratic republic of the congo need to be concerned with more than just conflict minerals. Structural causes of conflict in democratic republic of congo, 1996 2006 gilbert o.
Dynamics of conflict and forced migration in the democratic. They have, moreover, neglected the role of multinational corporations in the drc conflict. Between 1998 and 2003, the second congo war pitted angola, the drc, namibia, and. Causes, impact and implications for the great lakes region the democratic republic of congo is recovering from conflicts, posting substantial improvement in overall macroeconomic performance since the cessation of the war, on the back of robust copper and cobalt exports. The synthesis for policy makers is based on the main report, the democratic republic of the congo post conflict environmental assessment. The democratic republic of the congo drc, the secondlargest country in africa, has been mired in conflict for decades. The who country health profile of democratic republic of the congo provides key statistics and links to health topical databases, plus news, features and bulletin journal articles on the health issues of the country. The democratic republic of the congo roots of the crisis the crisis in the democratic republic of the congo, or drc, has many layers.
The newly independent congo quickly became plagued with scandal, corruption, and civil conflict. Congo s government has never effectively represented or. Conflict profile since its period of colonial rule 19081960, dr congo has repeatedly suffered conflict. As a point of departure, kisangani gives the term civil wars a new meaning because in this book, this term encompasses secession conflicts, ethnic wars, revolts, rebellions, invasions, and mutinies.
Joint evaluation of conflict prevention and peace building in the democratic republic of congo synthesis report legal registration. Joint evaluation of conflict prevention and peace building. In response to violence carried out by exiled rwandan hutu genocidaires, rwandan and ugandan forces invaded the democratic republic. The continuing violence in the eastern democratic republic of the congo. Karbo and mutisi provide an account of the many years of ethnic conflict. Report of the panel of experts on the illegal exploitation of natural resources and other forms of wealth of the democratic republic of the congo is a report in pdf format from the united nations security council, detailing the illegal exploitation by countries and corporations.
Local humanitarian action in the democratic republic of congo. Good day, there are much more hidden aspects of the dr congo war of invasion by its poor neighbours with the help of the international complicity that organizations like peace and conflict resolution based in bukavu, south kivu province might know but will not put in the public place. Starting with the time of imperialism in the 1870s until now, the natural wealth of the congo seems only to decimate its economic growth and political stability. Zimbabwe against rwanda, uganda, and its new congolese allies. Peace and conflict resolution from the democratic republic.
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